thangvanpham99 1/16/2026 12:27:58 PM

A major United Nations report by nearly 300 scientists from 83 countries shows humanity faces serious environmental problems. Climate change, loss of wildlife, damaged land, and pollution are all connected and make each other worse. [I] Scientists say past efforts have been too separated and not enough. As the old saying goes, we reap what we sow—years of harming nature now put our future at risk. The report suggests moving to a circular economy that respects nature's limits. We need everyone working together: governments, businesses, banks, industries, and ordinary people.

Current situations are very worrying. Gases that trap heat reached record levels in 2024, even after many climate meetings. Scientists predict Earth will warm about 2.4°C above past temperatures by 2100, much higher than the 1.5°C Paris Agreement goal. [II] This means more extreme weather, dry periods, heat waves, and wildfires. Already, 40% of the world's land is damaged, and pollution kills approximately 9 million people each year. Climate change aggravates land problems, forest loss, and species disappearance.

Although changing everything costs money, it makes economic sense. [III] Reaching zero emissions and saving nature needs about 8 trillion yearly investment. However, around 2050, the good results will be worth more than the costs, growing to 20 trillion per year by 2070 and possibly $$100 trillion later. Lead scientist Bob Watson says countries should stop using only GDP to measure success because it doesn't show whether growth is sustainable or harms the environment.

Political problems remain significant. International cooperation is getting weaker when we need it most. [IV] The United States left important agreements, supported fossil fuels, and rejected scientific findings. Still, scientists have some hope. Climate researcher Katharine Hayhoe says fixing climate problems helps solve other environmental emergencies. Michael Mann believes leaders must choose what is right instead of what is politically easy because the risks are huge. Change is still possible, but time is running out quickly.

https://apnews.com/al

Question 31: The phrase “reap what we sow” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.

A. look at                                        B. pay for                                        C. give up                                        D. carry on

Question 32: All of the following environmental problems are mentioned EXCEPT _________.

A. Climate change

B. Loss of wildlife

C. Pollution

D. Ocean acidification

Question 33: Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?

These issues threaten our health, economy, food, water, and safety.

A. [I]                                                B. [II]                                                C. [III]                                                D. [IV]

Question 34: The word “aggravates” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A. worsens                                        B. increases                                        C. improves                                        D. damages

Question 35: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A. Environmental investment requires substantial upfront costs but will generate increasing economic returns over time, and GDP is insufficient for measuring sustainable progress.

B. Achieving environmental goals demands significant financial resources immediately, though future economic benefits may eventually compensate for current expenditures and investments.

C. Countries must invest heavily in environmental protection regardless of costs, as GDP measurements accurately reflect the long-term economic value of sustainable development.

D. Environmental transformation is economically impractical due to high investment requirements, but countries should still prioritize GDP growth alongside their sustainability objectives.

Question 36: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

A. success                                        B. growth                                        C. the environment                        D. GDP

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. According to Hayhoe, environmental emergencies must be resolved before addressing climate-related challenges effectively.

B. Hayhoe suggests that climate solutions require simultaneous actions on all environmental crises to achieve success.

C. Hayhoe argues that addressing climate issues contributes to resolving other environmental crises as well.

D. Hayhoe believes climate problems and environmental emergencies need separate solutions for maximum effectiveness.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The predicted global temperature increase by 2100 will remain within the Paris Agreement's targeted limit.

B. Environmental investments will generate immediate economic returns that exceed their costs from the beginning of implementation.

C. The economic benefits of environmental transformation will surpass investment costs starting approximately around 2050.

D. International cooperation on environmental issues has strengthened significantly despite political challenges in recent years.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Previous environmental strategies have successfully addressed multiple ecological crises through comprehensive integrated approaches.

B. The Paris Agreement's temperature targets will likely be achieved given current international commitment levels.

C. Current fragmented approaches to environmental problems have proven insufficient and require fundamental systemic changes.

D. Economic costs of environmental action will permanently outweigh financial benefits throughout the entire transition period.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Despite overwhelming scientific consensus on environmental crises, lack of political will and inadequate funding prevent meaningful progress toward sustainability goals worldwide.

B. Interconnected environmental crises demand urgent integrated solutions and global cooperation, offering long-term economic benefits despite initial costs and current political obstacles.

C. Environmental problems have worsened primarily due to excessive focus on economic growth, requiring immediate abandonment of GDP measurements and fossil fuel industries.

D. While climate agreements have failed to reduce emissions significantly, technological innovations and circular economy models will automatically resolve environmental emergencies by 2050.

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