phuongtu2010 3/10/2025 8:27:30 PM

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth’s ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth’s history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.

Câu 636:

What does the word “they” in paragraph 1 refer to?

        A. ecosystems        B. humans        C. activities        D. centuries

Câu 637:

Why does the author mention the extinction of the dinosaurs in the 2nd paragraph?

A. To explain why the dinosaurs’ extinction is unknown.

B. To give an example of the actions by humans that could not stop the irreversible process of a species’ extinction.

C. To emphasize that not all mass extinctions have been caused by human activity.

D. To describe how significantly Earth’s climate has changed since the dinosaurs’ extinction.

Câu 638:

Which of the following is NOT an example of the effect of humans on the world’s ecosystems?

A. The habitat destruction in wetlands

B. The introduction of new varieties of plant species

C. The damage to marine ecosystems

D. The destruction of the tropical rain forests

Câu 639:

What is the word “inflicting” in paragraph 3 closest in meaning to?

        A. exhausting        B. adressing        C. experiencing        D. pressing

Câu 640:

With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?

A. Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in determining public policy.

B. Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems.

C. The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress.

D. Technology will provide solutions to problems caused by the destruction of ecosystems.

ĐỀ VIP 13 - THI THỬ HSA 2025 FORM MỚI - MÔN TIẾNG ANH - HS