Birds have evolved many physical attributes that contribute to their flying ability. Wings are important, but adjustable tails, large hearts and light bones play critical roles
To fly, birds, like airplanes, move air across their wings. Wings are designed so that air above the wings is forced to move faster than air below the wing. This creates higher pressure under the wings, called lift, which pushes the bird up. Different wing types evolved for different ways of flying. Prolonged flight requires long wings and an ability to soar. Other birds need superior maneuverability. Finches and sparrows have short, broad wings. Faster birds, like hawks have built - in spoilers that reduce turbulence while flying. This allows a steeper angle of attack without stalling.
Tails have evolved for specialized use. The tail acts like a rudder helping birds steer. Birds brake by spreading out their tails as they land. This adaptation allows them to make sudden, controlled stops in essential skill, since most birds need to land on individual branches or on prey.
Flight takes muscle strength. If body builders had wings, they still could not flap hard enough to leave the ground. Birds have large, specialized hearts that beat much faster than the human heart and provide the necessary oxygen to the muscles. The breast muscle accounts for 15 percent of the bird’s body weight. On pigeons, it accounts for a third of their total body weight. Birds carry no excess baggage, they have hollow feathers and hollow bones with struts inside to maintain strength, like cross beams in a bridge. Birds fly to find a prey, escape predators, and attract mates-in other words, to survive.
Question 38. what is the main idea of the passage?
   A. Wings are the most important physical attribute of birds.
   B. Different wing styles evolved for different types of flight.
   C. Birds have many specialized features that aid in their survival.
   D. Birds fly for many reasons.
Question 39. According to the passage, what causes birds to rise when they start flying?
   A. Long wings with hollow feathers                          B. Higher air pressure below than above the wings
   C. Spreading out their tails                                         D. Superior muscle strength
Question 40. The phrase “finches and sparrows” refers to___________.
   A. wings                            B. maneuvers                    C. ways of flying              D. birds
Question 41. According to the passage, what benefit comes from having built-in spoilers?
   A. an ability to fly faster                                             B. a steeper angle of diving for prey
   C. prolonged flight                                                     D. superior maneuverability when climbing
Question 42. What does the author imply about the body builders having wings?
   A. If they flapped their wings, they could fly a little.
   B. If they had wings, their muscles would be strong enough for flight.
   C. If they had wings, their hearts would still not be large for flight.
   D. Their wings would total 15 percent of their body weight.
2. Đề thi thử THPT 2021 - Tiếng Anh - Penbook - Đề 2 - có lời giải