Exercise 16:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too few resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty. It can result from high population density, or from low amounts of resources, or from both. Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources. Only a certain number of people can be supported on a given area of land, and that number depends on how much food and other resources the land can provide. In countries where people live primarily by means of simple farming, gardening, herding, hunting, and gathering, even large areas of land can support only small numbers of people because these labour intensive subsistence activities produce only small amounts of food.
In developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and the countries of Western Europe, overpopulation generally is not considered a major cause of poverty. These countries produce large quantitics of food through mechanized farming, which depends on commercial fertilizers, large-scale irrigation, and agricultural machinery. This form of production provides enough food to support the high densities of people in metropolitan areas.
A country's level of poverty can depend greatly on its mix of population density and agricultural productivity. Bangladesh, for example, has one of the world's highest population densities, with 1,147 persons per sq km. A large majority of the people of Bangladesh engage in low
- productivity manual farming, which contributes to the country's extremely high level of poverty. Some of the smaller countries in Western Europe, such as the Netherlands and Belgium, have high population densities as well. These countries practise mechanized farming and are involved in high-tech industries, however, and therefore have high standards of living.
At the other end of the spectrum, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have population densities of less than 30 persons per sq km. Many people in these countries practise manual subsistence farming; these countries also have infertile land, and lack the economic resources and technology to boost productivity. As a consequence, these nations are very poor. The United Slates has both relatively low population density and high agricultural productivity; it is one of the world's wealthiest nations.
High birth rates contribute to overpopulation in many developing countries. Children are assets to many poor families because the provide labour, usually for farming. Cultural norms in traditionally rural societies commonly sanction the value of large families. Also, the governments of developing countries often provide little or no support, financial or political, for family planning; even people who wish to keep their families small have difficulty doing so. For all these reasons, developing countries lend to have high rates of population growth.
(Trich dg thi THPTQGWarn 2015)
Question 113: Which of the following is given a definition in paragraph 1?
A. Overpopulation B. Population density C. Simple farming D. Poverty
Question 114: What will suffer when there are excessively high population densities?
A. Available resources B. Skilled labor
C. Farming methods D. Land area
Question 115: The phrase "that number" in paragraph 1 refers to the number of______ _.
A. people B. densities C. resources D. countries
Question 116: In certain countries, large areas of land can only yield small amounts of food because .
A. there is a lack of mechanization B. there are small numbers of labourers
C. there is on abundance of resources D. there is no shortage of skilled labour
Question 117: Bangladesh is a country where the level of poverty depends greatly on_______ _.
- its population density only
- both population density and agricultural productivity
- population density in metropolitan areas
- its high agricultural productivity
Question 118: The word "infertile" in paragraph 4 probably means_______ _.
A. disused B. impossible C. unproductive D. inaccessible Question 119: Which of the following is a contributor to overpopulation in many developing countries?
A. High-tech facilities B. Economic resources
C. Sufficient financial support D. High birth rate
Question 120: Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A. High Birth Rate and its Consequences B. Overpopulation; A Cause of Poverty
C. Overpopulation: A Worldwide Problem D. Poverty in Developing Countries
