trnthuuyen01 3/3/2024 10:38:01 PM

Exercise 22:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more acidic - could also become overwhelmed by rising oceans.

The research - led by scientists at Exeter University and published in Nature this week - involved studying growth rates for more than 200  tropical western Atlantic and  Indian Ocean  reefs. It was found only 9% of these reefs had the ability to keep up  with even the most optimistic rates of sea-level rises forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. "For many   reefs across the Caribbean and Indian Ocean regions, where the study focused, rates of growth are slowing due to coral reef degradation," said Professor Chris Perry, of Exeter University. “Meanwhile, rates of sea-level rise are increasing - and our results suggest reefs will be unable to  keep up. As a result, water depths above most reefs will increase rapidly through this century.”

Sea levels rose by  several inches over the past century and measurements indicate the speed of this increase is now rising significantly. Two key factors are involved: climate change is making  ocean water warmer and so it expands. And as ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase amounts of water in the oceans.

At the same time, reefs are being weakened by ocean warming and also by ocean acidification, triggered as the seas absorb more and more carbon dioxide. These effects lead to bleaching events that kill off vast stretches of coral and limits their ability to grow.

“Our predictions, even under the best case scenarios, suggest that by  2100, the inundation  of reefs will expose coastal communities to significant threats of shoreline change,” said co-author Prof Peter Mumby of Queensland University. This point was backed by US marine scientist Ilsa

Ruffner writing in a separate comment piece for Nature. “The implications of the study are dire. Many island nations and territories are set to quickly lose crucial natural resources.”

(Source: https://www.theguardiamcomi)

Question 159: Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?

  1. Sea levels will become the main factor of bleaching.
  2. Coral reefs will be overwhelmed by rising oceans.
  3. Coral reefs may escape from extinction because of the increase in sea levels.
  4. Global warming will cause the rise of sea levels.

Question 160: What does the word "compensate" in the first paragraph probably mean?

A. recompense            B. keep up with                       C. develop                                               D.benefit Question 161: What did scientists at Exeter University find in their research?

  1. Tropical coral reefs are increasing more quickly than others in Pacific Ocean.
  2. The majority of tropical coral reefs cannot keep pace with the increasing rate of sea levels.
  3. Many coral reefs are developing in spite of their degradation.
  4. The rapid rise in sea levels does not affect the density of coral reefs.

Question 162: According to the passage, the two factors causing the rise of sea levels are______ _.

A. global warming and freeze                                   B. severe weather and climate change

C. climate change and ice expansion                         D. climate change and ice melt

Question 163: What does the phrase "these effects" in paragraph 4 refer to?

A. ocean warming and ocean acidification               B. reef weakening and ocean warming

C. reef weakening and ocean acidification               D. ocean warming and CO2 absorb

Question 164: The word "inundation" is closest in  meaning to______ _.

A. drought                  B. extinction                                       C. flood                                   D. tsunami

Question 165: The author implies in the last  paragraph that______ _.

  1. even in the most optimistic prediction, coral reefs will experience their extinction.
  2. the results of the study are more serious than what scientists have predicted.
  3. human activities will not only affect marine life but also put themselves at risk.
  4. people often exploit natural resources in island nations and territories.

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