[I] The world has entered a new era driven by rapid technological advancements, transforming nearly every aspect of daily life. [II] Digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and the rise of the internet of things (IoT) have reshaped industries, economies, and social interactions. [III] However, this technological revolution also brings about a variety of challenges and concerns that require careful consideration. [IV]

One of the main driving forces behind this technological growth is the demand for more efficient systems and processes. For instance, businesses increasingly rely on automation and AI to streamline operations, reduce costs, and increase productivity. Moreover, the widespread use of smartphones and smart devices has enabled individuals to stay connected to the world 24/7, transforming communication, work, and entertainment. However, the rapid expansion of digital technologies also creates risks such as cybersecurity threats, privacy concerns, and the digital divide.

In the process of digital transformation, the world faces several long-term effects on both society and the environment. First, the growth of digital infrastructure has led to increased energy consumption, as data centers and cloud computing facilities require vast amounts of electricity. This has contributed to the global energy crisis and rising carbon emissions. Second, the shift towards digital work environments has resulted in job displacement for many people, particularly in traditional industries that are being replaced by automation. In some regions, workers without access to the necessary digital skills face challenges in finding stable employment.

Technological progress is a complex phenomenon with far-reaching implications for both individuals and society. To harness its benefits while minimizing its negative effects, governments and industries must collaborate to create sustainable practices, promote digital literacy, and ensure that technology serves the greater good of society without leaving anyone behind.

                                (Adapted from Bright)

Câu 31. Where in paragraph I does the following sentence best fit?

The increasing reliance on technology is revolutionizing both the economy and the way people live.

A. [I]        B. [II]        C. [III]        D. [IV]

Câu 32. The phrase “stay connected to” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by _____.

A. remain in touch with        B. lose touch with        C. contributes to        D. break contact with

Câu 33. The word “This” in paragraph 2 refers to _____.

A. digital transformation                B. the use of smart devices

C. the rise of artificial intelligence        D. the rapid expansion of digital technologies

Câu 34. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a risk associated with rapid technological growth?

A. cybersecurity threats                B. privacy concerns        

C. job displacement                D. improved communication

Câu 35. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A. Digital transformation improves productivity but also brings environmental and social challenges.

B. The rise of digital technologies is causing global energy shortages and unemployment.

C. The benefits of digital transformation are undeniable, but its negative consequences cannot be ignored.

D. Technological growth leads to environmental harm and job losses, which require urgent attention.

Câu 36. The word “displacement” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _____.

A. relocation        B. replacement        C. dislocation        D. employment

Câu 37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The rise of digital technologies has solved the global energy crisis.

B. Many industries are adopting automation and AI for improved productivity.

C. Privacy concerns are no longer a significant issue in the digital age.

D. Digital technologies have eliminated the digital divide across the world.

Câu 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence “Technological progress is a complex phenomenon, with far-reaching implications for both individuals and society” in paragraph 4?

A. The process of technological progress is simple but has wide-reaching effects on society.

B. Technological progress, despite its complexity, has significant consequences for people and society.

C. Understanding technological progress requires a thorough study of its far-reaching consequences.

D. It is essential to understand the broad impact of technological progress on individuals and society.

Câu 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. The benefits of technology are more important than its social and environmental costs.

B. Technological advancement is expected to improve job opportunities for all workers.

C. Without proper regulation and planning, rapid technological growth could exacerbate social inequality and environmental damage.

D. The digital divide is disappearing as more people gain access to technology.

Câu 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Driven by the need for efficiency, technological advancements are transforming economies and lifestyles, but they require careful management to minimize environmental damage and social inequality.

B. The digital revolution has significantly improved living standards globally, but it brings with it considerable challenges, including energy consumption and job losses.

C. As digital technologies reshape industries, their widespread adoption is causing significant societal changes, but also creating risks like cybersecurity issues and job displacement.

D. Technological progress is primarily focused on economic growth, but its environmental and social consequences should not be overlooked.

Second Semester Midterm Exam GRADE 12 Test 10