The word robot first appeared in a 1921 stage play by Czech writer Karel Capek. In the play, a man makes a machine that can think, which he calls a robot and which ends up killing its owner. In the 1940s, the American science fiction writer Isaac Asimov wrote a series of stories about robots and invented the term robotics, the science of robots. Meanwhile, in the real world, the first robots were developed by an engineer, Joseph F. Engelberger, and an inventor, George C. Devol. Together they started Unimation, a manufacturing company that produces the first real robot in 1961, called the Unimate. Robots of this type were installed at a General Motors automobile plant and proved to be a success. They worked reliably and saved money for General Motors, so other companies were soon acquiring robots as well. These industrial robots were nothing like the terrifying creatures that can often be seen in science fiction films. In fact, these robots looked and behaved nothing like humans. They were simply pieces of computer-controlled machinery, with metal "arms” or “hands". Since they were made of metal, they could perform certain jobs that were difficult or dangerous for humans, particularly jobs that involve high heat. And since robots were tireless and never got hungry, sleepy, or distracted, they were useful for tasks that would be tiring or boring for humans. Industrial robots have been improved over the years, and today they are used in many factories around the world. Though the use of robots has meant the loss of some jobs, at the same time other jobs have been created in the design, development, and production of the robots. 
Rise of the Robots, Silicon Valley Entrepreneur, Martin Ford, 1988.
Question 46: What is Unimation?
      A. It's a robot making program                                         B. It's the name of a robot
      C. It's the producer of the first robot                                D. It's the name of a robot inventor 
Question 47: What can be said about Karel Capek? 
      A. He made a robot in order to kill a person                    B. He was the first to create the word “robot"
      C. He is an American writer                                             D. He made a robot 
Question 48: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of robots? 
      A. They don't need food                                                   B. They are not distracted
      C. They are tiring                                                             D. They can do jobs involving high heat 
Question 49: What are industrial robots like? 
      A. They behave like humans                                            B. They are computer-controlled machines
      C. They controlled machinery                                          D. They look like humans 
Question 50: When did the word "robot" appear? 
      A. in the 1920s                                                                  B. in the 40s
      C. in the 19th century                                                       D. in the 60s 
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