C. yet few spaces create obstacles for sensory-sensitive visitors

D. while several designs provide comfort for diverse cognitive needs

Question 21:

1. cities with many closed spaces and exposed sections discourage diverse activities
2. buildings with either narrow hallways and crowded rooms restrict multiple options
3. parks with both open areas and sheltered corners welcome various preferences
4. streets with neither wide pathways nor protected alcoves accommodate limited needs

Question 22:

1. which recognized through these thoughtful approaches and inclusive design principles
2. that is recognizing with these thoughtful approaches and inclusive design principles
3. having been recognizing by these thoughtful approaches and inclusive design principles
4. is recognized by these thoughtful approaches and inclusive design principles

Read the following passage about nherited Advantage in Modern Society and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The concept of meritocracy suggests that success comes to those who work hard and demonstrate talent. However, this idealistic view often overlooks how inherited advantages shape opportunities. Children born into wealthy families benefit from quality education, extensive networks, and financial security that provide significant head starts. These privileges, though rarely acknowledged, create an uneven playing field where merit alone cannot explain achievement patterns.

Social mobility statistics reveal the persistence of intergenerational advantage. Research shows that a child's economic future correlates strongly with parental income, challenging the notion that determination alone ensures success. Cultural capital—knowledge of social norms, communication styles, and behavioral expectations valued by dominant institutions—is transmitted within families and communities. This invisible inheritance helps individuals navigate educational systems and professional environments effectively, further cementing existing hierarchies.

The education system, despite claims of being an equalizer, often reinforces these disparities. Schools in affluent areas typically offer superior resources, smaller class sizes, and enrichment opportunities unavailable elsewhere. Additionally, hidden curricula favor students already familiar with mainstream cultural references and linguistic patterns. Even when disadvantaged students display exceptional ability, they face structural barriers like financial constraints, lack of mentorship, and limited access to extracurricular activities that build competitive college applications.

Addressing the myth of meritocracy requires acknowledging how advantage perpetuates across generations. Policy solutions might include progressive taxation, expanded educational opportunities, and targeted support for disadvantaged communities. Recognizing inherited privilege doesn't diminish individual accomplishment but contextualizes achievement within broader social structures. True meritocracy remains aspirational rather than actual—a recognition that should inform more equitable approaches to opportunity distribution and success evaluation in modern society.

Question 23: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT MENTIONED as an inherited advantage?

1. Quality education
2. Genetic intelligence
3. Financial security
4. Social networks

Question 24: The word “advantages” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

1. disadvantages                B. benefits                        C. privileges                        D. opportunities

Question 25: The word “dominant” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _________.

1. powerful                        B. aggressive                        C. superior                        D. controlling

Question 26: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

1. schools                B. resources                        C. curricula                D. disadvantaged students

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

1. Solving social inequality demands creating new systems that eliminate all generational wealth transfers completely.
2. Challenging meritocratic ideas involves studying how family backgrounds influence personal achievements over time.
3. Confronting false beliefs about merit necessitates recognizing how privileges are passed down through family lines.
4. Examining educational disparities requires focusing on how parental income affects children's academic outcomes.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

1. Meritocracy functions effectively when educational systems provide equal resources to all students regardless of background.
2. A child's economic prospects are strongly influenced by their parents' income level despite individual determination and effort.
3. Progressive taxation alone would eliminate the advantages that wealthy families provide to their children across generations.
4. Cultural capital is equally accessible to all students if they demonstrate sufficient academic talent and personal motivation.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention that inherited advantages create an uneven playing field despite meritocratic ideals?

1. Paragraph 4                B. Paragraph 3                        C. Paragraph 2                D. Paragraph 1

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer primarily discuss how educational institutions reinforce social inequalities?

1. Paragraph 4                B. Paragraph 3                        C. Paragraph 2                D. Paragraph 1

Read the following passage about the When Climate Forces Migration and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Climate change has become a driving force behind global migration patterns, leaving millions with no choice but to abandon their homes. When extreme weather events like hurricanes and floods strike, communities are often caught between a rock and a hard place, facing immediate danger and long-term uninhabitability. Government agencies struggle to keep everyone in the loop about evacuation procedures, especially in remote areas where communication infrastructure is limited. The resulting displacement creates cascading challenges for both the displaced populations and receiving communities, requiring coordinated responses across multiple sectors.

The scale of climate-driven migration continues to grow at an alarming rate. [I] According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, weather-related disasters displaced approximately 24 million people annually between 2008 and 2022. [II] Small island nations face existential threats from rising sea levels, while agricultural communities confront failed harvests due to changing rainfall patterns. [III] Unfortunately, international legal frameworks offer limited protection for climate migrants, as most refugee conventions don't recognize environmental factors as grounds for asylum claims. [IV] 

Adaptation strategies can help vulnerable communities build resilience against climate impacts. Early warning systems, drought-resistant crops, and flood protection infrastructure provide essential safeguards against displacement pressures. Community-based disaster risk reduction programs empower local residents to prepare for extreme weather events before they strike. Additionally, planned relocation programs offer structured pathways for communities facing unavoidable displacement, though such initiatives require careful implementation to preserve cultural ties and livelihoods. Despite these efforts, the accelerating pace of climate change threatens to overwhelm adaptation capacities in many regions.

Addressing climate displacement demands comprehensive policy approaches spanning humanitarian assistance, development aid, and climate action. Receiving communities need support to integrate newcomers while expanding services and infrastructure. Meanwhile, climate mitigation efforts remain crucial for limiting future displacement scenarios. International cooperation must strengthen legal protections for climate migrants while increasing financial support for adaptation in vulnerable regions. As climate change intensifies, our collective response to disaster displacement will test both our humanitarian commitments and our capacity for global solidarity in facing shared challenges.

Question 31: The phrase “keep everyone in the loop” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by _________.

1. fill in                        B. look up                        C. take on                        D. put off

Question 32: Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?

These slow-onset disasters gradually erode livelihoods until migration becomes inevitable.

1. [I]                                B. [II]                                C. [III]                        D. [IV]

Question 33: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a climate-related cause of displacement?

1. Hurricanes and floods
2. Volcanic eruptions
3. Rising sea levels
4. Changing rainfall patterns

Question 34: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

1. Climate adaptation infrastructure prevents all forms of displacement in vulnerable areas.
2. Early warning systems alone can eliminate the need for community relocation programs.
3. Local disaster risk programs provide complete protection against climate change impacts.
4. Various strategies help build resilience but may not match climate change's increasing pace.

Question 35: The word “reduction” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

1. increase                        B. decrease                        C. lowering                        D. minimizing

Question 36: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

1. Tackling climate-driven migration requires multifaceted policies across several key sectors.
2. Climate displacement can be solved through humanitarian aid programs in affected regions.
3. Development assistance alone is sufficient to address challenges of climate displacement.
4. Climate action should be prioritized over humanitarian concerns in displacement policies.

Question 37: The word “our” in paragraph 4 refers to _________.

1. Displaced populations facing climate challenges
2. Government agencies managing migration crises
3. International organizations providing assistance
4. Global community and humanity as a whole

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

1. Legal frameworks provide adequate protection for climate migrants seeking asylum worldwide.
2. Small island nations have successfully adapted to rising sea levels through local initiatives.
3. Weather-related disasters displaced about 24 million people annually from 2008 to 2022.
4. Government agencies effectively communicate evacuation procedures to all affected areas.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

1. Climate adaptation efforts will eventually eliminate the need for migration entirely.
2. Most receiving communities have adequate resources to support climate migrants.
3. Without policy reform, climate migrants will continue to lack sufficient protection.
4. Isolated weather events are more damaging than gradual environmental changes.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

1. Legal frameworks must evolve to recognize climate refugees as legitimate asylum seekers.
2. Early warning systems and infrastructure are the most effective climate adaptation tools.
3. Small island nations and agricultural communities face the greatest climate displacement risk.
4. Climate change drives global migration, requiring comprehensive policy and global solidarity.