tranxuanducnb0123456 4/1/2025 9:52:50 AM

[I] A newborn baby can see, hear and feel. By the age of five, a child can talk, ride a bike and invent imaginary friends. How does this development happen? [II]We don't understand the way language, thinking and planning develop very well. [III]Now scientists are using new technology to ‘see’ into children's brains. And they are discovering new information about the way a baby's brain develops. [IV]

A study in 2010 showed that children who were afforded more focus often gained an edge in IQ. The brain of a newborn infant contains nearly a hundred billion neurons. This number is comparable to that of an adult's brain. As they mature, an infant assimilates information through the sensory modalities of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. This information fosters intricate connections between different regions of the brain. By the age of three, there are approximately a hundred trillion synaptic connections.

One experiment looked at images of babies' brains while they were listening to different sounds. The sounds were in different sequences. For example, one sequence was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern ‘A-B-B’. Another sequence was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern ‘A-B-C’. The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during ‘A-B-B’ patterns. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. This experiment is interesting because sequences of words are important to grammar and meaning. Compare two sentences with the same words in a different order: ‘John killed the bear’ is very different from ‘The bear killed John.’ So babies are starting to learn grammatical rules from the beginning of life.

Researchers also know that babies need to hear a lot of language in order to understand grammar rules. But there is a big difference between listening to television, audiobooks or the internet, and interacting with people. One study compared two groups of nine-month-old American babies. One group watched videos of Mandarin Chinese sounds. In the other group, people spoke the same sounds to the babies. The test results showed that the second group could recognize different sounds, however, the first group learned nothing. The scientist, Patricia Kuhl, said this result was very surprising. It suggests that social experience is essential to successful brain development in babies.

“Adapted from A Child Development ”

Question 31: Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?
"Scientists are now conducting experiments to understand how babies process language patterns."
A. [I]                        B. [II]                        C. [III]                                D. [IV]
Question 32: The phrase “gain an edge” in the sentence is closest in meaning to:
A. receive extra help                                                B. obtain a competitive advantage
C. improve performance                                        D. increase attention

Question 33: The word “This” in paragraph 3 refers to:
A. babies' ability to detect patterns                                B. the importance of word order
C. sequences like mu-ba-ba                                        D. grammatical understanding
Question 34: According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT a finding of the sound sequence experiment?
A. Babies can recognize patterns in sounds.                        B. The brain's speech area reacts to specific patterns.
C. Grammar rules are innate from birth.                        D. Word order affects meaning.
Question 35: Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 4?
A. Babies benefit more from interacting with humans than from passive listening to media.
B. Watching videos is an effective way for babies to learn new languages.
C. Babies cannot learn sounds without active interaction.
D. Social experience is unnecessary for brain development.
Question 36: The word “recognize” in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to:
A. identify                B. understand                        C. ignore                        D. remember
Question 37: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The number of neurons increases as a baby grows older.
B. Babies are born with an adult-like brain structure.
C. Babies learn grammar by listening to television.
D. Experiences have no impact on brain development.
Question 38: Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence in paragraph 4:
"Social experience is essential to successful brain development in babies."
A. Babies develop their brains effectively through interaction with others.
B. Passive listening is just as effective as active interaction for brain growth.
C. Babies’ brain development depends solely on the media they consume.
D. Social experiences can hinder brain development.
Question 39: What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Early childhood experiences play a key role in brain development.
B. Passive learning methods are more effective than active ones for babies.
C. Babies cannot distinguish between different sound patterns.
D. Watching videos helps babies develop their grammar skills.
Question 40: Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. Early experiences and social interaction are critical for brain development in babies.
B. The development of grammar rules begins only after the age of three.
C. Brain imaging technology has little role in understanding child development.
D. Passive media consumption is sufficient for language learning in babies.

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