letrinh8121 3/11/2025 9:16:15 AM

[I] Chemicals are present everywhere in our environment, some of which occur naturally, while others are the result of human activities. [II]. They are found in the air, water, and soil, and can have both positive and negative impacts on the ecosystem. Some chemicals, like nutrients, help support life by promoting plant growth [III]. However, others, especially synthetic chemicals such as pesticides, fertilizers, and industrial waste, can be harmful to both the environment and human health. [IV]

The widespread use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture has been a major cause of chemical pollution. When these chemicals are used improperly or excessively, they can wash into rivers, lakes, and oceans, leading to water pollution. This runoff can also contribute to the depletion of oxygen in water bodies, a process known as eutrophication. Eutrophication harms aquatic life, disrupting ecosystems and causing the death of fish and other organisms that rely on oxygen.

Toxic chemicals such as heavy metals (e.g., mercury and lead) pose additional threats to the environment and human health. These substances can accumulate in the food chain, starting from plants and animals in contaminated areas and eventually reaching humans. Long-term exposure to these chemicals can lead to serious health issues, including neurological disorders, cancer, and other chronic conditions. Many countries have established regulations to limit the use of harmful chemicals, but enforcement remains a challenge.

Efforts to reduce chemical pollution involve a combination of government regulations, technological innovations, and public awareness. Governments worldwide have introduced stricter rules on the use of hazardous chemicals and encouraged the development of eco-friendly alternatives. These regulations aim to limit the harmful impact of chemicals on the environment, encouraging industries to adopt safer practices. Environmental organizations play a vital role in monitoring chemical pollution, raising awareness, and advocating for cleaner technologies. They work closely with policymakers to ensure effective enforcement of environmental laws. While progress has been made, ongoing efforts are needed to address emerging challenges and ensure a safer and healthier environment for future generations.

(Adapted from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences)

Question 31: Where in paragraph I does the following sentence best fit?
"These substances vary in their sources and effects, depending on whether they are naturally occurring or man-made."

A. [I]                                B. [II]                                C. [III]                                D. [IV]

Question 32: The phrase "eutrophication" in paragraph II is CLOSEST in meaning to _______.

A. a process that helps increase oxygen in water bodies
B. the accumulation of toxic substances in aquatic life
C. the depletion of oxygen in water bodies due to chemical runoff
D. a method of treating industrial waste in water bodies

Question 33: The word "others" in paragraph I refers to ____.

A. nutrients                B. chemicals                C. impacts                D. human activities

Question 34: According to paragraph II, which of the following is NOT a consequence of chemical pollution?

A. Water pollution                                B. Depletion of oxygen in water
C. Disruption of aquatic ecosystems                D. Increased plant growth

Question 35: Which of the following best summarizes paragraph IV?

A. Governments are the only entities responsible for reducing chemical pollution.
B. The reduction of chemical pollution relies on regulations, innovations, and awareness.
C. The most effective way to reduce chemical pollution is through technological innovations.
D. Public awareness is the only solution to chemical pollution.

Question 36: The word "depletion" in paragraph II is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____.

A. accumulation                B. reduction                        C. disruption                        D. diminishment

Question 37: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Heavy metals in the environment do not pose a risk to human health.
B. Only synthetic chemicals cause environmental harm.
C. Chemicals are always harmful to the environment.
D. Toxic chemicals can accumulate in the food chain and affect human health.

Question 38: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph III?
"These substances can accumulate in the food chain, starting from plants and animals in contaminated areas and eventually reaching humans."

A. Toxic chemicals can be stored in plants and animals, making their way to humans.
B. Substances accumulate in the food chain, causing no harm to the ecosystem.
C. Plants and animals are immune to the harmful effects of toxic chemicals.
D. Humans are unaffected by the accumulation of toxic substances in the food chain.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Chemical pollution has been completely controlled by government regulations.
B. Public awareness has had no effect on reducing chemical pollution.
C. Governments and organizations must work together to reduce chemical pollution.
D. The use of synthetic chemicals has increased without any consequences.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. The environment is safe from chemical pollution if strict regulations are enforced.
B. Chemical pollution is a major environmental issue that requires global cooperation and action.
C. The use of chemicals in agriculture has no significant environmental impact.
D. Technological advancements have completely solved the issue of chemical pollution.

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