[I] Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, affecting ecosystems, biodiversity, and human communities across the globe. [II] Scientists warn that unless greenhouse gas emissions are significantly reduced, the Earth's climate may experience irreversible damage. [III] The consequences of climate change are widespread, impacting weather patterns, agricultural productivity, and health conditions worldwide. [IV]
One of the primary causes of climate change is the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, which releases large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere. This gas traps heat, leading to a rise in global temperatures, a phenomenon known as global warming. Another major contributor is deforestation, as trees play a critical role in absorbing CO₂. When forests are destroyed, that CO₂ is released, adding to the atmosphere's greenhouse effect.
The impacts of climate change are already evident in various forms. Rising sea levels are causing coastal erosion and increasing the frequency of flooding, which endangers millions living in low-lying areas. Additionally, extreme weather events like hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves are becoming more common and severe. These events not only damage infrastructure but also pose serious risks to human health and food security.
Addressing climate change requires a collaborative, global response. Many governments have joined international agreements, like the Paris Agreement, aiming to limit global temperature rise and reduce emissions. However, it is crucial for individuals and businesses to also play a part by reducing their carbon footprint through actions such as conserving energy, reducing waste, and supporting renewable energy sources.
(Adapted from “Climate and Human Impact”)
Question 31. Where in paragraph I does the following sentence best fit?
Rapid industrial development and population growth have accelerated the accumulation of greenhouse gases.
A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 32. The phrase "traps heat" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ____.
A. absorbs energy B. lets out warmth
C. reduces temperature D. blocks sunlight
Question 33. The word “their” in paragraph 4 refers to ____.
A. deforestation B. individuals and businesses
C. fossil fuel combustion D. greenhouse gases
Question 34. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a cause of climate change?
A. burning fossil fuels B. rising sea levels
C. deforestation D. increased CO₂ levels
Question 35. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?
A. The rising sea levels threaten coastlines and biodiversity.
B. Climate change is creating both environmental and human health challenges.
C. Increased CO₂ levels lead to more frequent weather disasters.
D. Global warming affects agriculture, health, and living conditions.
Question 36. The word "evident" in paragraph 3 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____.
A. essential B. Unforgettable C. noticeable D. severe
Question 37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Industrialization has decreased the rate of greenhouse gas emissions.
B. Only governments can effectively reduce climate change effects.
C. Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent due to climate change.
D. Climate change impacts are limited to environmental issues.
Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. An effective solution to climate change must involve collective efforts.
B. Limiting global warming will require individuals to take immediate action.
C. All people should participate in international climate agreements.
D. Each country must independently work on climate change solutions.
Question 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Deforestation may be more impactful than fossil fuels in causing climate change.
B. Without significant reductions in emissions, climate change consequences could become irreversible.
C. Coastal erosion primarily affects rural areas rather than urban areas.
D. Fossil fuel use is the sole reason for the current global warming trend.
Question 40. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. The increase in greenhouse gases, driven by industrial growth, is causing significant environmental challenges, calling for a cooperative global response.
B. Fossil fuels and deforestation are key causes of climate change, which governments can only address through international agreements.
C. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming by encouraging businesses to switch to renewable energy sources.
D. Climate change impacts are mostly related to the natural environment, with minimal effects on human communities and health.
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