hieudtt.hbo 3/2/2025 9:41:28 PM

It's a widely held belief that cities harm the environment. For this reason, many developing countries have imposed restrictions on the movement of people from rural to urban areas and on the size of large cities. But there are problems with this viewpoint. Urbanization that is properly controlled can benefit the environment in a number of ways.

First, urbanization is a highly productive force due to the combination of economies of scale and positive externalities. Over 5.5 times as much is produced in Asia's cities as in its rural areas. Urban agglomeration makes it possible to use fewer resources to produce the same amount of work as non-urban areas. Urbanization therefore reduces the environmental impact. Urbanization is necessary because the service sector depends on a concentration of clients. The growth of service industries, which typically generate less waste than manufacturing, is another environmentally beneficial aspect of urbanization.

Second, for any given population, high urban density has no effect on the environment. According to urban economics studies, density is one of the most significant factors influencing energy consumption. In places with a high population density, public transportation may be more convenient and quicker. City dwellers are more likely to walk or ride a bike instead of drive. Third, the construction, upkeep, and operation of environmentally friendly public services and infrastructure, such as waste management, sanitation, and piped water, are considerably simpler and less expensive in urban areas. More people can now afford to use eco-friendly facilities and services thanks to urbanization.

Fourth, urbanization is driving the development of new technologies, including eco-friendly ones. Eco-friendly vehicles, utilities, and equipment are essential to the green economy's long-term survival. Asia's enormous market will support green innovations in cities because the region's enormous population will provide entrepreneurs with many incentives and opportunities to invest in the development of energy-efficient products. Last but not least, the improved standard of living brought about by urbanization has improved access to housing, food, healthcare, and education. Cities with more residents can invest more in infrastructure, which reduces traffic and improves public health. Urbanization fosters pro-environmental attitudes, especially among middle-class property owners, which greatly aid in the introduction and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.

Any expanding city will inevitably incur expenses. People are moving in large numbers to Asian cities, and many companies have opened offices there to capitalize on this trend. Examples of industrial operations that contribute to urban sprawl and harm the environment include the generation of electricity, transportation, construction, trash, and waste disposal. Both the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization should be taken into account when assessing its effects on the environment.

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a positive effects of properly managed urbanization

A. A highly effective force                                                B. The environment                        

C. Public services                                                                D. Education

Question 24: The word “essential” in paragraph 4 is opposite in meaning to________.

A. dispensable                                B. disorganized                         C. disproportionate                        D. discontent         

Question 25: The word “which” in paragraph 4 refers to_________________.

A. cities                                         B. housing                                C. infrastructure                                D. education

Question 26: The word “convenient” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_________?

A. awkward                                        B. serviceable                        C. recreational                                D. amicable

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

A. Urban areas require more resources to achieve the same level of productivity as rural areas.

B. Urbanization leads to increased resource consumption while maintaining productivity levels.

C. Non-urban areas are more efficient in resource usage than urban settings.

D. Urban concentration allows for more efficient use of resources to generate equivalent output compared to rural regions.

Question 28: Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?

A. In terms of net benefit, the service sector is negative.

B. When city life becomes the norm for most people, we say that there has been urbanization.

C. Sustainable development for the environment can be achieved through forward-thinking technology.

D. Negative impacts of urbanization on the natural world are irreversible.

Question 29: Which of the following does the writer mention about the opportunity for investing in energy-efficient products?

A. Paragraph 2                                B. Paragraph 4                        C. Paragraph 1                                D. Paragraph 5

Question 30: Which of the following does the writer mention about element impacting power usage?

A. Paragraph 4                                B. Paragraph 1                        C. Paragraph 2                                D. Paragraph 3

Đề thi thử TN THPT 2025 - Cấu trúc mới - Môn TIiếng Anh - Đề 22 - File word có lời giải