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SMART ENERGY

The coming decades will bring significant changes in energy supply and consumption. With concerns about global warming and diminishing oil reserves, nations are shifting toward low-carbon economies, prompting major changes in electricity supply and usage. Firstly, electricity demand will increase as consumers transition from oil and gas to electricity for homes and vehicles. Secondly, power generation will rise, focusing on renewable sources. To tackle these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid technology, which aims to optimize the electricity network by understanding power generation and demand, thereby improving efficiency.

(I)Smart Grid technology integrates computer systems with electricity networks. (II)These systems gather data on supply and demand, enhancing engineers’ management capabilities. (III)This leads to better energy utilization, reduced fuel needs, and lower carbon emissions. Additionally, operational and maintenance costs are minimized. For consumers, smart technology provides real-time data on energy usage and variable tariffs, encouraging energy use during off-peak hours to reduce costs. For instance, appliances like washing machines can be run at night. Smart meters connected to the Internet or phone networks allow remote control of appliances. (IV)

However, challenges accompany these advancements. Managing supply and demand is difficult with renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and wave power, which are unpredictable. Unlike oil and gas, these sources cannot easily meet peak demands, risking blackouts or system failures. Solutions include improving energy storage and promoting off-peak electricity use. Another issue is the remote location of many renewable energy sources, such as coastal and upland areas, which often lack infrastructure. Building new networks is necessary, though smart technology can reduce costs through efficient planning.

Smart Technology is still in development, with pilot projects testing its feasibility. Consumers are experimenting with smart meters to manage their home electricity use, and trials are underway for new infrastructure. Implementation will likely occur in phases, starting with simple methods to achieve quick carbon savings before advancing to more complex systems. Urban areas, with their high energy demand, are the primary focus for initial investments. Cities will adopt sustainable power solutions, transportation systems, and electric vehicle charging networks. By 2050, these innovations will go a long way toward revolutionizing energy supply, transforming homes, transportation, and lifestyles.

(Adapted from Ielts testonline.com)

Question 31: The word “diminishing” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to:
A. reducing                B. surprising                C. expanding                        D. demanding

Question 32: Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?
“This provides the opportunity to make better use of available electricity and reduce energy waste.”
A. (I)                        B. (II)                        C. (III)                        D. (IV)

Question 33: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of Smart Grid technology?

A. improving energy utilization                B. reducing cost of energy resources
C. diminishing the demand for fuel                D. reducing carbon emissions

Question 34: The phrase “These sources” in paragraph 3 refers to:
A. oil and gas                B. smart meters        C. computer systems                D. renewable energy sources

Question 35: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence?
A. New technologies will first reduce emissions and later address more complicated tasks.
B. Smart energy systems will immediately address carbon emissions in complex ways.
C. Quick fixes will improve efficiency while advanced systems will take time to develop.
D. Gradual implementation will only focus on lowering emissions before solving all challenges.

Question 36: The phrase "go a long way" in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by______

A. travel a great distance                        B. be very helpful

C. take a long time                                D. cost a lot of money

Question 37: Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 4?
A. Smart technology is solving storage and supply problems for renewable energy by  the year 2050.
B. New energy infrastructure is necessary to integrate renewable sources into urban energy system.
C. Smart technology is being developed and tested to revolutionize urban energy systems and lifestyles.
D. Remote renewable energy sources require additional infrastructure and Smart Grid technology.

Question 38: According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Cities will implement advanced systems before testing smart meters.
B. Smart meters allow appliances to be controlled from a distance.
C. Most renewable energy sources are located near major cities.
D. Pilot schemes are delayed due to the high costs of infrastructure.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Smart technology will eliminate the need for fossil fuels entirely.
B. Consumer behavior plays a key role in managing energy demand.
C. The success of smart grids depends solely on urban adoption.
D. Renewable energy will soon replace nuclear power in most regions.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarizes the main point of the passage?
A. Smart Grid technology is a solution to the unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources, offering operational benefits and reducing costs.
B. The transition to a low-carbon economy will rely heavily on renewable energy, advanced infrastructure, and the adoption of smart technologies.
C. Smart energy systems provide a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to current energy supply methods, addressing both consumer needs and energy challenges.
D. Cities will be at the forefront of energy innovation, driving the adoption of renewable energy sources and new grid technologies.

Đề thi thử TN THPT 2025 - Cấu trúc mới - Môn TIiếng Anh - Đề 30 - File word có lời giải

 

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