In fact, biodiversity protection is very much important since biodiversity is a fundamental component of (7) ___life____ on Earth. It creates complex (8) ____ecosystems____ that could never be reproduced by humans. The (9) ___value__ of that biodiversity is immeasurable, and thus must be protected. Finally, we both want and need biodiversity. We continue harming the natural environment without realizing the impact. We should be aware (10) ____of___ protecting biodiversity.

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

World Environment Day which is (1) ____ on 5^th June every year in an important day in the calendar of the United Nations. It is one of the ways the United Nations uses to advocate for environmental (2) ____ and call for political action.

Every year, UNEP (the Environment Program of the United Nations) develops a theme which is used globally to raise (3) ____ and call for support from governments, organizations, and individuals from all over the world.

The theme for 2015 was "Seven Billion Dreams. One Planet. Consume with Care”. This would also serve as the slogan for the World Environmental Day 2015. The meeting of this theme and slogan is that we have five (4) ____ with more than seven billion people combined. Although we have about 7 billion people, we just have one planet that we live and survive. The surface area is limited, shelter and food also limited. If we continue using the available natural (5) ____ as we do today, our future generations may be (6) ____ to go hungry and without homes. This is why it is of vital importance to consume (7) ____food that is available with care. Stop the wastage and use whatever resource that is available according to need, not greed.

“Join the race to make the world a better place” is the theme and (8) ____ for 2016 UN World Environment Day. This slogan (9) ____ a clear message and asks everyone to get involved (10) ____ making the world a better place to live in.

1. A. found                 B. acted                C. held                        D. celebrated

2. A. experience         B. protection                 C. decrease                 D. pollution

3. A. feature                 B. activity                 C. ability                D. awareness

4. A. areas                 B. continents                 C. plants                 D. stars

5. A. sources                B. resources                C. balances                 D. increase

6. A. had                 B. made                C. forced                D. accused

7. A. which                 B. whatever                 C. who                        D. what

8. A. slogan                B. flag                         C. poster                 D. brand

9. A. requests                 B. asks                 C. carries                 D. depends

10. A. from                 B. to                         C. within                 D. in

D. WRITING

I. Change into the reported speech.

1. Mr Jones gave the people gloves and said to them: "Protect yourselves from germs."

    Mr Jones gave the people gloves and told them to protect themselves from germs.

2. Nam said, "The environment is severely affected by pollution."

    Nam said (that) the environment was severely affected by pollution.

3. Mai said, "The burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution."

    Mai said (that) the burning of fossil fuels led to air pollution.

4. Peter said, "Intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil contaminated."

    Peter said (that) intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil contaminated.

5. "It's confusing because there are too many web pages about the environment" Nam said.

    Nam said that it was confusing because there were too many web pages about the environment.

6. "Air pollution is one of the causes of the greenhouse effect" scientists said.

    Scientists said that air pollution was one of the causes of the greenhouse effect.

7. "Pollution is one of the problems in my neighbourhood" Nam said.

    Nam said that pollution was one of the problems in his neighbourhood.

8. "More people are aware of the preservation of natural resources" the editor said.

    The editor said that more people were aware of the preservation of natural resources.

9. "We are discussing the protection of the natural environment" the students told their teacher.

    The students told their teacher that they were discussing the protection of the natural environment.

10. "Use the web search engine to find the information that you need" Nam's father told him.

      Nam’s father told him to use the web search engine to find the information that he needed.

II. Change into the reported speech.

1. Mr Jones was very sad and said "All this rubbish is killing fish and other sea creatures."

    Mr Jones was very sad and said that all that rubbish was killing fish and other sea creatures.

2. "We can clean the beach together." said Nick.

    Nick said that they could clean the beach together.

3. "I'll ask our friends and neighbours to come and help us" Mary said to them.

    Mary told them that she would ask their friends and neighbours to come and help them.

4. "I'm so happy to hear that, children" Mr Jones said to his children.

    Mr Jones told his children that he was so happy to hear that.

5. Tony said "The disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans leads to water pollution."

    Tony said (that) the disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans led to water pollution.

6. Mary said "Loud and annoying sounds from innumerable vehicles in the highway nearby cause noise pollution."

    Mary said (that) loud and annoying sounds from innumerable vehicles in the highway nearby cause noise pollution.

7. Mai said "The rising sea level is product of global warming, a natural phenomenon. The only unnatural thing about global warming is the accelerated rate at which it is happening."

    Mai said (that) the rising sea level was product of global warming, a natural phenomenon. The only unnatural thing about global warming was the accelerated rate at which it was happening.

8. Linda said "Environmental pollution is an impact of human activities on the environment."

    Linda said (that) environmental pollution was an impact of human activities on the environment.

TEST 2

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. book                B. look                 C. floor                D. good

2. A. contaminate         B. natural                 C. damage                 D. area

3. A. hate                B. mate                C. cake                 D. manage

4. A. contaminate         B. deforest                 C. pollute                D. protect

5. A. pesticide         B. impact                 C. focus                D. practical

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. composer         B. invention                 C. position                 D. volunteer

2. A. pesticide                B. influence                 C. invention                 D. violence

3. A. energy                 B. influence                 C. animal                 D. employment

4. A. pollution         B. depletion                 C. property                 D. confusion

5. A. advantage         B. editor                 C. solution                 D. pollutant

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. Yesterday, Laura ____ him to put some shelves up.

A. asked                B. is asking                         C. ask                        D. was asked

2. Tom has ____ this story wasn't completely true.

A. admitting that        B. was admitted that                 C. admitted that         D. admit that

3. When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy ____ day.  

A. that                        B. the                        C. then                        D. this

4. I wonder ____ the tickets are on sale yet.

A. what                B. when                C. where                D. whether

5. Mathew ____ Emma that her train was about to leave.

A. has reminded        B. has reminded that                 C. reminded                D. reminded that

6. Hello, Jim. I didn't expect to see you today. Sophie said you ____ ill.

A. are                        B. were                C. was                        D. should be

7. Ann ____ and left.

A. said goodbye to me        B. says goodbye to me         C. tell me goodbye           D. told me goodbye

8. I told you ____ to switch off the computer, didn't I?

A. don't                 B. not                        C. not to                D. to not

9. Bill was slow, so I ____ hurry up.

A. tell him                 B. told him for         C. told to                 D. told him to

10. Sarah was driving too fast, so I ____ to slow down.

A. asked her                 B. asked                C. ask                        D. have asked her

11. You should use electric fans instead of air conditioners ____ they don't emit dangerous gases.

A. so                         B. but                        C. because                 D. although

12. Kevin told Phong ____ for many years.

A. plastic had been popular material for containers

B. plastic would be popular material for containers

C. plastic has been popular material for containers

D. plastic was popular material for containers

13. Kevin told Phong, ____ to our environment in several ways.

A. plastic may be very harmful                         B. plastic had been very harmful

C. plastic is too harmful                                D. plastic was very harmful

14. He ____ we could buy or make reusable bags and leave some bags in our bike for shopping.

A. said us                 B. says to us                C. told us                 D. told to us

15. My mother encouraged me ____ for recycling.

A. to collect                 B. collecting                 C. collect                 D. should collect

16. The campaign ____ things like water bottles and aluminum cans into new, useful objects like park benches, bikes, etc.

A. becomes                 B. recycles                 C. turns                 D. comes

17. Fish and poultry have a much lower impact ____ the environment, and other plant proteins are even less damaging ____ the planet.

A. on - to                 B. on - with                 C. x - for                D. of - to

18. We get the energy we require for our everyday needs from many sources, but not all of them are ____.

A. ecological                 B. economic                 C. unharmed                 D. eco-friendly

19. Burning garbage ____ dangerous gases to the environment, and this may lead to global warming.

A. emits                 B. throws                 C. sends                D. rejects

20. Individually wrapped candy or chocolate causes a lot of trash, ____ fruits and vegetables are healthier and mean less waste.

A. because                 B. while                 C. so                        D. as

IV. Choose the correct words in the bracket to complete the sentences.

1. The ____ consumption ____ of fossil fuels has gradually increased in many countries which is concern for many environmentalists.

2. The increase in cases of skin cancer has been recorded in parallel with ozone layer ____ depletion __.

3. Intensive pesticide and fertilizer spays used in agriculture have resulted in the serious ___ pollution ___

of water, soil and air.

4. The ___ contamination ___ of this river has been proved by scientists to be caused by the dumping of untreated sewage.

5. Scientists are able to explain the consequences of habitat ____ destruction ___ now.

6. Every year about 15,000 acres of fertile topsoil are washed away in Haiti, which has resulted in massive soil _____ erosion _____.

7. The ___ protection ____ of the environment from threats such as deforestation, the extinction of rare species, pollution and natural resource depletion is one of the WWF's missions.

8. The ___ deforestation ____ caused during the 20^th century made the vegetation in this region, which has originally a vast forest refuge for innumerable species, disappear.

V. Complete the sentences using the correct words in brackets.

1. The energy consume / consumption of the community has increased since the new resort was built.

2. Over - exploitation of oil will lead to the depletion / deplete of this natural resources.

3. Aware / Awareness of environmental preservation should be raised in the public as well as in education.

4. We should protection / protect the limited or non-renewable natural resources for our future generations.

5. Water is one of the limited natural resources which can run out soon. All efforts should be made to preserve / preservation it.

6. Disposal of solid waste into the local river has been the cause of water pollute / pollution in this area.

VI. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

RIVER POLLUTION

River pollution occurs when (1) ____ pollutants ____ are not removed from sewage and are discharged into the river. River water is a very important source of freshwater required to (2) ___ sustain __ life. We need a constant supply of fresh water for drinking, cooking and washing. Animals living near the river, as well as fishes and (3) ____aquatic___ plants, also depend on clean river water.

When heavy rainfall occurs, pollutants (4) ____ accumulated ____ within the boundaries of the (5) ____ catchment ____ area may be washed into river (6) ____ channels ____. These pollutants include a variety of agrochemicals like fertilizers and (7) ____ insecticides ____.

Waste water (8) _____ containing ____ cleaning detergents, oil and other pollutants like industrial waste may be (9) _____ discharged ______ into the river channel through our drainage systems. Industrial waste may contain sulfur, resulting increasing the acidity of the river water. Sometimes, (10) ____ rubbish ___ such as plastic bags and bottles, are washed into the river channel.

VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

There are many ways that (1) ____ helps the environment, and even the smallest step can have significant results.

The environmental problem of (2) ____ is a difficult issue to fix. As more waste is put into landfills, the bigger the problem gets. Wastes that are not biodegradable or are slow to decompose can (3) ____ in landfill sites for centuries, often emitting gases that could be harmful to the environment. Keeping paper out of landfills is just one way that recycling helps the environment.

Recycling items often uses less energy than manufacturing products from natural sources. Making paper that is using recycled pulp, (4) ____, is much less energy intensive than using new wood. While there are benefits to growing trees because of the carbon dioxide that they consume, it will be the damage (5) ____ is done to the environment by putting paper in landfills and using energy to produce new items.

Waste in landfills emit gases as it rots. This can pollute the environment. Anyone who has passed a landfill site (6) ____ hot weather will be familiar with the unpleasant smell and flies that can be found near a landfill site. Reducing the items in landfills will help to (7) ____ the pollution that it causes. Recycling wastes also typically emits less carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, thus reducing the carbon footprint of a product.

(8) ____ benefit of recycling is that there is often a significant cost saving to be made when using recycle goods. Recycling leaves and grass, for instance, is a great way to make compost. (9) ____ homemade compost is obviously a lot cheaper than buying compost and this is a useful way to save money. Saving money through recycling ultimately helps the environment.

Recycling is just one of many ways that we can help the environment. Every step that we take, however small, is one more towards helping and supporting the environment in which we live. Getting everyone involved, from children to adults, can help produce a better environment for many (10) ____ to come.

1. A. recycling         B. extinction                 C. disappearance                 D. discharge

2. A. hills                B. mountain                 C. landfills                         D. landscapes

3. A. remain                 B. effect                C. cause                        D. attack

4. A. so                B. but                        C. although                         D. for instance

5. A. who                B. which                 C. that                                D. x

6. A. most                B. during                C. almost                         D. nearly

7. A. last                B. reduce                 C. increase                         D. stretch

8. A. Others                 B. Other                C. Another                         D. Further

9. A. Using                 B. Recycled                 C. Concluded                         D. Made

10. A. houses                 B. generations         C. places                         D. trees

VIII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

HOW TO STOP WATER POLLUTION

Water pollution is one of the biggest threats to the environment today. There are several sources of water pollution ranging from sewage and fertilizers to soil erosion. The impact of water pollution on wildlife and their natural habitats can be immense. There are also a number of things that the average person can do to help stop water pollution.

We should conserve the soil because soil conservation influences water pollution through erosion. As soil is eroded by water, it transfers sediment from the land to the body of water, which is polluted by the chemicals in the sediment. Phosphorus and industrial chemicals can be pulled into water through soil erosion. When phosphorus levels in water become too high, they can lead to algae blooms that can cause massive fish deaths and make water unsafe for human use. The best way to prevent soil erosion is to keep the banks of rivers well-covered with plants or trees. Planting trees can have a significantly positive impact on the reduction in soil erosion.

The oil used to lubricate engines in all types of machines needs to be changed regularly. When the oil is changed, it presents a number of environmental hazards if not disposed of properly. When a leaky engine releases this oil into the street, it runs to the sewer and makes its way into waterways.

Wherever you see a lot of human recreation, you will almost always see lots of evidence of human use. Wrappers, bottles and other trash are unfortunately a common site at many well-used beaches and rivers around the world. It should be fairly obvious that the trash from these places often ends up in waterways and can cause pollution. Plastics are an especially big issue when it comes to water contamination at beaches and waterways. Picking up litter wherever you find it is honestly the best, fastest way to do your part to stop this type of water pollution.

Organize cleaning parties with local people to make the reach larger. Get businesses involved as sponsors who will donate prizes to the person who collects the most trash if you're having a hard time finding people to sign up to help.

It is estimated that the consumption of plastic by humans is between 250 and 300 million tons a year. About 80% of the plastic in the oceans came from the land. Using alternatives to plastics or using “less disposable” plastics whenever possible can have a surprising impact on ocean pollution. The fact that plastic is cheap and useful for different purposes makes it obvious choices for many people.

1. Lubricants can cause environmental hazards when ____.

A. they may be found in the streets                         B. they engines work perfectly

C. they are not disposed properly                        D. they are changed regularly

2. The following are the effects of water pollution EXCEPT that ____.

A. it may make water unsafe for human use

B. it may spoil the beauty of beaches or waterways

C. it may cause massive fish deaths due to algae blooms

D. it may keep the banks of rivers well-covered with trees

3. Soil erosion can lead to water pollution because ____.

A. massive fish deaths will make the rivers unsafe for human use

B. soil can be eroded by rain water

C. soil erosion can occur naturally everywhere

D. chemicals in the sediment from the soil erosion will pollute water

4. In order to make beaches clean and green, we should ____.

A. follow the trash from these places which often ends up in waterways

B. find places with a lot of human recreation and of evidence of human use

C. organize campaigns in which prizes will be given to the business who collects the most trash

D. ask local people to take part in cleaning up the beaches, maybe with the sponsor from businesses

5. We can infer from the passage that ____.

A. using too much plastic can cause bad effects on ocean pollution

B. using plastics only causes ocean pollution

C. we don't know how to stop water pollution

D. alternatives to plastics or “less disposable” plastics can make the situation worse

Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in position the of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

1. A. disposal                B. animal                C. energy                D. poverty

2. A. awareness                B. solution                C. importance                D. happiness

3. A. origin                B. dependence                C. harmony                D. factory

4. A. replacement        B. pollutant                C. resident                D. depletion

5. A. instrument                B. engineer                C. newsletter                D. family

6. A. vehicle                B. musical                C. article                D. reduction

7. A. consumption        B. chemical                C. neighborhood        D. pesticide

8. A. scientist                B. consequence                C. detergent                D. influence

9. A. erosion                B. atmosphere                C. resources                D. confusion

10. A. volunteer                B. charity                C. vegetable                D. injury

Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

11. If you ask me, ____ waste is a much bigger problem than ordinary household waste.

        A. industrial                B. business                C. working                D. manufacturing

12. Do you know what CFC ____?

        A. sets in                B. does up                C. stands for                D. gets down

13. There’s been a ____ in Germany and a village was completely destroyed.

        A. flood                        B. drizzle                C. shower                D. smog

14. Dinosaurs have been ____ for millions of years.

        A. endangered                B. extinct                C. threatened                D. disappeared

15. As town grow, they tend to destroy the surrounding ____ areas.

        A. urban                B. commercial                C. land                        D. rural

16. During the last hundred years we have done great ____ to the environment.

        A. injury                B. pollution                C. damage                D. hurt

17. There are lots of things we can all do to ____ the environment.

A. enhance                B. protect                C. make                D. build

18. Environmentalists are furious with the American Government for delaying measures which will reduce greenhouse gas ____.

A. exhaust fumes        B. smokes                C. wastes                D. emissions

19. The government is introducing strict new rules on the dumping of ____ by industry.

A. pesticides                 B. exhaust fumes.         C. toxic waste                D. emissions

20. Farmers contribute to environmental damage by spraying ____ with ____, which stay in the soil for years.

A. agriculture – pesticides                        B. agriculture - fertilizers

C. crops – fertilizers                                D. crops - pesticides

21. The gradual rise in the Earth's temperature is known as ____.

A. greenhouse effect                B. global warming         C. ozone layer                D. acid rain

22. The ____ that are produced by factories and cars are allowing more ____ from the sun to reach carth.

A. gases – radiation                B. gases - light         C. gas – light                D. gas - radiation

23. As the Earth gets hotter, the Arctic and Antarctic ____ will slowly melt and the level of the oceans will rise.

A. snowballs                         B. avalanches                 C. ice caps                D. icebergs

24. There will be ____, too. Some areas will become wetter while others will become much drier.

A. weather changes                B. weather forecasts                 C. climatic changes        D. climate changes

25. Thousands of acres of forest are being cut down every year and the ____ of many animals are being destroyed.

A. natural resources                B. natural habitats         C. ways of life                D. living surroundings

26. Many of the world's largest cities are ____ and some are permanently covered by a ____.

A. heavily polluted - polluted cloud                B. heavy pollution - polluted cloud

C. heavy pollution - cloud of pollution        D. heavily polluted - cloud of pollution

27. Make sure your car runs on unleaded petrol and your home uses sources of ____ energy.

A. recycling                 B. reused                 C. renewable                 D. recyclable

28. Scientists have found holes in the ____, particularly over Antarctica.

A. ice caps                 B. polar ice                 C. ozone layer                D. greenhouse

29. Greenpeace is an international group that protests against anything which is a ____ to the environment.

A. threat                 B. threaten                 C. threatening                 D. threatener

30. If government don't ____ global warming, more natural disasters will occur.

A. achieve                 B. promote                 C. discourage                 D. prevent

31. There's has been a steady rise in the average temperature around the planet over the last hundred years or so, and the majority of scientists put it ____ to human activity.

A. down                 B. back                 C. up                D. across

32. However, some scientists argue that the historical evidence shows that over time the Earth heats __ and cools _ naturally.

A. up - away                 B. away - down         C. up-down                 D. down - up

33. It is predicted that over the next few decades many species will die ____ as once fertile areas turn to desert.

A. off                         B. out                         С. up                         D. down

34. Most of the air pollution results ____ the burning of fossil fuels, motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and rockets.

A. in                         B. to                        C. on                         D. from

35. Environmental pollution is becoming an ____ serious problem that needs to be taken care of as soon as possible.

A. increasingly         B. increasing                 C. increase                D. increased

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

36. We are facing severe environmental pollution despite the fact that many world organizations are working hard to reduce it.

A. heavy                 B. destructive                 C. harmful                 D. serious

37. Water pollution is a result of dumping pollutants such as detergents, pesticides, oil, and other chemicals in rivers, which makes the water unclean.

A. substances                 B. stuffs                C. contaminants         D. wastes

38. Stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment and build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature.

A. coexist peacefully with         B. fall in love with        C. agree with                 D. cooperate with

39. WWF was set up in 1961 and had its operations in areas such as the preservation of biological diversity.

A. difference                 B. abundance                         C. variety                D. plenty

40. The seashore was much polluted because of the amount of waste left there. All this rubbish is killing fish and other marine life.

A. sea plants                 B. sea mammals                 C. water life                D. sea creatures

41. In 1986, the organization changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature. However, it has operated under the original name in the US and Canada.

A. old                         B. former                 C. first                        D. ancient

42. Some of WWF's missions are: conserving the world's biological diversity, ensuring the use of renewable natural resources, and promoting the reduction of pollution.

A. jobs                 B. careers                 C. tasks                D. actions

43. Air pollution is a consequence of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and rockets.

A. product                B. example                 C. harm                D. result

44. The natural environment has been seriously influenced and degraded by human activities through many decades.

A. worsened                 B. damaged                 C. destroyed                 D. reduced

45. Global warming is the gradual increase of temperature on the Earth's surface due to greenhouse effect.

A. steady                 B. slow                 C. sharp                D. abrupt

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

46. Fresh water is very important to life because no one can live without it. Yet it is one of the limited and most endangered natural resources on our planet.

A. Clean                 B. Drinkable                 C. Polluted                D. Running

47. One way to protect our environment from pollution is to reduce wasteful consumption.

A. costly                 B. excessive                 C. safe                        D. economical

48. If you follow at least one of the tips, you can be proud of taking part in the preservation of water, one of the very important and limited natural resources on earth.

A. self-confident         B. self-satisfied         C. discontent                 D. unpleasant

49. Soil pollution leads to lack of fertile land to grow enough food for an increasing population.

A. arid                        B. rich                         C. unclean                D. deserted

50. Global warming may lead to many negative changes, including harsher weather conditions.

A. more unbearable                 B. milder                 C. more extreme         D. more scrious

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

51. "I'm a big fan of U23.” Derek said.  Derek said he ____ a big fan of U23.

A. was                 B. has been                 C. were                D. had been

52. "We're watching TV," said the twins.The twins said they ____ TV.

A. watched                 B. were watching         C. have been watching         D. had watched

53. “You've been annoying me all day!" my mum said.  My mum said I ____ her all day.

A. annoyed                B. was annoying         C. have been annoying        D. had been annoying

54. "The dog ate my homework!” said Ivan.  Ivan said the dog his homework.

A. was eating                 B. has eaten                 C.ate                D. had eaten

55. "At one o'clock, I was having lunch," said Molly.  Molly said she ____ lunch at one o'clock.

A. had been having                B. has had                C. is having                D. has been having

56. "You'll get wet without an umbrella," Dad said.Dad said I ____ wet without an umbrella.

A. will be getting                 B. got                 C. would be getting                D. would get

57. "He can juggle five balls!" said Angie.   Angie said he ____ five balls.

A. juggled                         B. had juggled                 C. would juggle        D. could juggle

58. “You must give me your essays," Mrs Vine said. Mrs Vine said we ____ give her our essays.

A. were having to                 B. would have to                 C. had to                 D. must

59. “Could you pass me the salt, please?" I asked the man next to me. Tasked the man next to me ____ me the salt.

A. pass                        B. if he passes                 C. to pass                D. if he would pass

60. "Would you mind waiting for a moment?" the shop assistant asked the woman.

       The shop assistant asked the woman ____ for a moment.

A. to wait                 B. waiting                 C. if she waits                 D. if she minds waiting

61. “Please don't leave your dirty football boots in the hall," Mum said to Doug.

      Mum told Doug ____ dirty football boots in the hall.

A. that he doesn't leave his        B. not to leave his         C. not to leave your        D. don't leave his

62. "Could you tell us where you were at six o'clock?" the police officer asked Barry.

       The police officer asked Barry ____ had been at six o'clock.

A. telling him where you                        B. where he tells him he         

C. to tell him where you                        D. to tell him where he

63. "Could I have your e-mail address?" I asked Mariella.I asked Mariella ____ e -mail address.

A. to give me her        B. give me your         C. give me her                D. gave me your

64. "Can I have a new Xbox for my birthday?" I asked my mum.I asked my mum ____ a new Xbox for my birthday.

A. that she gets me        B. get me                 C. to get me                D. if she could have me

65. "What's your name?" she asked me.She asked me ____.

A. what your name is        B. what your name was                 C. what my name is        D. what my name was

66. "Are you a student?" the man asked the boy.The man wanted to know ____.

A. if I was a student                        B. if the boy was a student

C. if I am a student                        D. if the boy is a student

67. "What school are you going to?" he asked me.       He wanted to know ____.

A. what school am I going to                B. what school you are going to

C. what was the school I go to        D. what school I was going to

68. "I won't be home this evening because I have to work late," Mike said.   Mike said that ____.

A. I wouldn't be home this evening because I had to work late

B. he wouldn't be home this evening because he had to work late

C. he won't be home this evening because he has to work late

D. he wouldn't be home that evening because he had to work late

69. "You can sit here," the stewardess said.The stewardess said ____.

A. you can sit here        B. I could sit here         C. I could sit there        D. you could sit there

70. “Anna left here an hour ago," she said.   She told me that ____.

A. Anna had left here an hour ago                 B. Anna had left there an hour ago                

C. Anna had left here an hour before                D. Anna had left there an hour before

71. "I don't want anything to eat now," he said.  He said ____.

A. he doesn't want anything to eat now         B. he didn't want anything to eat then

C. I didn't want anything to eat then                 D. I didn't want anything to eat now

72. “I've only had this new bicycle since yesterday," Karen said.Karen said that ____.

A. I had only had this new bicycle since yesterday

B. he had only had that new bicycle since the day before

C. I had only had this new bicycle since the day before

D. he's only had that new bicycle since the day before

73. "Don't waste water, Mum said to Mary.Mum told Mary____.

        A. that she doesn't waste water                 B. to waste water

C. don't waste water                                D. not to waste water

74. "You shouldn't use your cars for short distances, the teacher said.The teacher advised her students ____.

A. that you shouldn't use your cars for short distances

B. not to use their cars for short distances

C. not to use your cars for short distances

D. not to use her cars for short distances

75. "I'll finish it by the end of this week," he said.  He promised ____.

A. he'll finish it by the end of this week         B. he would finish it by the end of this week

C. to finish it by the end of that week                D. to finish it by the end of this week

76. "Don't forget to turn the tap off before you leave. " Grandma said.Grandma reminded me ____.

A. to turn the tap off before I left                         B. turn the tap off before you left

C. don't forget to turn the tap off before I left                D. to turn the tap off before you left

77. Dorothy asked him _____ Sarah was his sister.

A. that                         B. if                         C. what                D. who

78. Tom and Henry asked me to go with ____.

A. him                 B. their                 C. them                D. they

79. I asked Martha ____ to join the Green Club.

A. whether she is planning                B. if she was planning

C. when was she planning                D. where she was planning

80. Bob wanted to know when ____.

A. will the exam be taken                B. the exam will be taken

C. would the exam be taken                D. the exam would be taken

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C. or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

81. Tim called yesterday and said he needed the report right now.

             A                          B            C                            D

82. Sally called from Miami and said that she was swimminghere.

                A                        B                C        D

83. They complained that there isn't any fresh water in the local area.

                A                B                 C                D

84. Rosy said that she will come backthere on another project the following year.

             A                        B           C                                D

85. Tony promised that he would dohis homeworktoday.

                A                B                C        D

86. Clarence said he couldn't have repairedthe carthe next day.

                A                B                 C           D

87. Mr Jones toldhis childrennot towasting fresh water.

                A        B           C           D

88. The teacher askedhis studentsto focus on your topic.

                    A               B                C            D

89. Sally suggestedto go to school by bicycle in order tosave energy.

                A        B                                C        D

90. Harry offeredlending a hand with keeping the school environment clean.

                 A          B                             C                                        D

Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

91. "Why don't we have a look at some websites for more information about the environment?" – “____”

A. Yes, thanks.         B. Yes, why not?         C. It's my pleasure.         D. Do we?

92. "____" - "By bus."

A. What did you take to get there?                         B. Did you get there by motorbike?

C. How long did it take you to get there?                 D. How did you get there?

93. "Hi, Jack. ____" - "Not bad. And you?"

A. How's everything?               B. What's everything?              C. What do you do?        D. How do you do?

94. " ____" - "That's a good idea."

A. What about recycling water for gardening?        B. Sorry, can I say something?

C. Glad to work with you.                                D. Excuse me, I want to add something.

95. "Shall I empty the dustbin?" – “____”

A. Make yourself at home.                        B. Nice to meet you!

C. It's very nice of you to do so.                 D. Long time no see.

96. "Can I borrow your notes, please?" – “____”

A. Well done!                B. No, thanks.                C. Yes, sure.                D. Yes, I can.

97. "Would you like to join this Green Project with us?" - "____”

A. Yes, I would        B. Why not?                 C. I'd love to                D. It doesn't matter.

98. "Where should we start with the project?" – “____”

A. I never mind.                        B. I'm glad to hear that.

C. Oh, that would be great.                D. What about searching the webs?

99. "Hi, John. Congratulations!" – “____”

A. I'm sorry.                B. Thank you.                 C. My pleasure.        D. You're welcome.

100."Excuse me! Where is the recycling center?" – “____”

A. Let me see.                B. I'm not sure.         C. Hold on, please.                D. It's over there.

101. Thanks for doing that." - "____”

A. It's my pleasure                B. Don't say that.         C. Not at all.                D. It's nice of you

102. "How long will the meeting last?" – “____”

A. Half past ten.                        B. Since early morning.         

C. Once a week, usually.                D. An hour or so, I expect.

103. "____" - "I'm going to make a table."

A. Why is this recycled wood used?                 B. How is this recycled wood used?

C. What's this recycled wood for?                 D. Whose is this recycled wood?

104. “____” - "It was very sunny and hot. We had a bit of a heatwave.

A. Did you enjoy your holiday?                B. How was the wave?

C. What was the weather like there?                 D. How was the beach?

105. "Could you do me a favor, please?" – “____”

A. Let me help you.                        B. Sure. What can I do for you?

C. No, thanks. I'm fine.                D. Yes, go ahead!

Part V. READING

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

GLOBAL WARMING

Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists (106) ____ the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than (107) ____ before, the Earth is at (108) ____ from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. (109) ____ to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more (110) ____ and causing sea levels all around the world to (111) _____.

Environmental groups are putting (112) ____ on governments to take actions to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given (113) ____ by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problems at its source. They are in (114) ____ of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power (115) ____.

Some scientists, (116) ____ , believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gasses into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait (117) ____ hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.

106. A. give                B. put                        C. take                        D. have

107. A. yet                B. never                C. once                D. ever

108. A. threat                 B. danger                 C. risk                        D. harm

109. A. Concerning         B. Regarding                 C. Depending                 D. According

110. A. strict                 B. severe                C. strong                D. heavy

111. A. raise                B. arise                C. rise                        D. lift

112. A. force                 B. pressure                C. persuasion                D. encouragement

113. A. off                B. away                 C. up                        D. over

114. A. belief                 B. request                C. favor                D. suggestion

115. A. factories         B. generations                C. houses                D. stations

116. A. but                 B. although                C. despite                D. however