UNIT 4: URBANISATION

TỪ VỰNG

STT	Từ vựng	Từ loại	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
1.	high-rise	adj	/ˈhaɪ raɪz/	cao tầng
2.	urban	adj	/ˈɜːbən/	thuộc về đô thị
3.	urban sprawl	n.p	/ˈɜːbən sprɔːl/	sự bành trướng đô thị
4.	urbanisation	n	/ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/	đô thị hoá
5.	leisure	n	/ˈleʒə(r)/	sự giải trí, sự thư giãn
6.	convenience store	n	/kənˈviːniəns stɔː(r)/	cửa hàng tiện lợi
7.	convenient	adj	/kənˈviːniənt/	thuận tiện
8.	crowded	adj	/ˈkraʊdɪd/	đông đúc
9.	rush hour	n.p	/ˈrʌʃ aʊə(r)/	giờ cao điểm
10.	afford	v	/əˈfɔːd/	có đủ khả năng chi trả
11.	housing	n	/ˈhaʊzɪŋ/	nhà ở
12.	expand	v	/ɪkˈspænd/	mở rộng
13.	seek	v	/siːk/	tìm kiếm
14.	unemployment	n	/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/	tình trạng thất nghiệp
15.	affordable	adj	/əˈfɔːdəbl/	(giá cả) rẻ, phải chăng
16.	infrastructure	n	/ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/	cơ sở hạ tầng
17.	resident	n	/ˈrezɪdənt/	người dân
18.	colonial	adj	/kəˈləʊniəl/	thuộc địa, thuộc dân
19.	gradually	adv	/ˈɡrædʒuəli/	dần dần
20.	modernise	v	/ˈmɒdənaɪz/	hiện đại hoá
21.	concern	n	/kənˈsɜːn/	mối lo ngại
22.	rapidly	adv	/ˈræpɪdli/	rất nhanh, với tốc độ cao
23.	reliable	adj	/rɪˈlaɪəbl/	đáng tin cậy

        NGỮ PHÁP

1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

• Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn kéo dài tới hiện tại, hoặc hành động vừa mới xảy ra gần đây.

Ex: Our family has lived here since I was born.

• Ta cũng dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để diễn tả số lần xảy ra của một sự việc với cấu trúc

Ex: This is the first time I have travelled by plane.

• Ta cũng dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để diễn tả trải nghiệm đặc biệt với cấu trúc:

Ex: Moving to the capital city is the worst choice I have ever made in my life.

2. Cấu trúc so sánh

1. So sánh càng ngày càng

Tính từ/trạng từ ngắn	Tính từ/trạng từ dài
Housing prices are getting higher and higher.	Hanoi is becoming more and more polluted.

2. So sánh càng … càng

Ex: The bigger the city gets, the more crowded it becomes.

PRACTICE

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 1. A. concern	B. affordable	C. convenience	D. colonial
Question 2. A. high-rise	B. modernise	C. housing	D. sprawl

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 3. A. afford	B. housing	C. leisure	D. urban
Question 4. A. convenient	B. employment	C. expansion	D. resident

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 5. The city’s        needs upgrading to meet the demands from its citizens.

A. leisure        B. convenience        C. infrastructure        D. unemployment

Question 6. Youth crime in the inner city has increased        in recent months, requiring tightened security.

A. reliably        B. affordably        C. conveniently        D. rapidly

Question 7. Air pollution and traffic congestion are two major        among city dwellers.

A. concerns        B. residents        C. unemployment        D. Infrastructure

Question 8. The urban        can threaten the unique charm of the countryside.

A. unemployment        B. housing        C. leisure        D. sprawl

Question 9. Traffic in the        is a nightmare for commuters.

A. resident        B. rush hour        C. urbanisation        D. concern

Question 10. Many fresh graduates are struggling to        a nine-to-five job.

A. expand        B. seek        C. afford        D. modernise

Question 11. The municipal authority is implementing new policies to address affordable            shortages.

A. housing        B. resident        C. concern        D. infrastructure

Question 12. This is the first time Henry        Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum.

A. visited        B. visits        C. has visited        D. had visited

Question 13. The well is getting        polluted, forcing villagers to seek alternative clean water sources.

A. much and more        B. much and much        C. most and most        D. more and more

Question 14. The higher property prices are,        city dwellers can afford.

A. the fewest        B. fewer than        C. the fewer        D. the fewer than

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 15. Many old apartments in this part of the city need modernising; they are in danger of collapsing anytime soon.

A. upgrading        B. destroying        C. renovating        D. developing

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 16. City dwellers prefer to travel by elevated railway because it is reliable and affordable.

A. dependable        B. inconvenient        C. realistic        D. temporary

Read the following flyer and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 17 to 19.

Question 17. A. purposes        B. intentions        C. landscapes        D. challenges Question 18. A. technologist B. technologically        C. technology        D. technological Question 19. A. for        B. with        C. to        D. Of

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make a meaningful letter for the following question.

Question 20.

1. However, the fast pace can be overwhelming at times.
2. Firstly, the diversity here is astounding; you encounter people from all walks of life daily.
3. Warm regards.
4. Dear Laura, I hope you are well.
5. Looking forward to catching up soon!
6. Overall, the experience has been enriching, pushing me out of my comfort zone while teaching me valuable lessons about adaptability.
7. Secondly, the opportunities for growth and exploration are endless.
8. Living in a big city has been exciting.

A. d – b – a – g – f – h – e – c        B. d – h – a – b – g – f – e – c

C. d – h – b – g – a – f – e – c        D. d – h – b – g – f – a – e – c

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 25.

Hanoi is a modern city with a population of over 8 million people. Over the years, the urban area has gradually (21)        to over 3,000 sq km including many of the surrounding villages. As rural (22) move into Ha Noi, the government is providing more affordable housing. More high-rise buildings

have also been built. Ha Noi has improved its transport infrastructure, building new roads and bridges. It is modernising bus services using more electric ones. The Ha Noi Metro opened to the public in 2021 and

is (23)        to include more lines by 2030.

 

(24)        , urbanisation has created new problems. As more people come to seek better job opportunities, the city is getting more and more crowded. This has (25)        to more traffic jams and higher unemployment rates. Air pollution is also causing concern among city residents.

(Adapted from Global Success)

Question 21.	A. afforded	B. expanded	C. modernised	D. concerned
Question 22.	A. housing	B. concerns	C. residents	D. convenience
Question 23.	A. expected	B. affected	C. imagined	D. structured
Question 24.	A. Therefore	B. In addition	C. However	D. For example
Question 25.	A. related	B. resulted	C. led	D. complied

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 26 to 30.

Urbanisation in Malaysia started in the early 1970s. At that time, only around 26 per cent of the population lived in urban areas. After a period of rapid growth, the urban and rural populations were almost equal in the early 1990s. Since then, the urbanisation rate has continued to increase gradually. The urban population, for example, rose from 66 per cent in 2004 to 74 per cent in 2014. At present, Malaysia is known as one of the most urbanised countries in East Asia. It is also one of the most rapidly urbanised regions around the world. According to the latest statistics, over 77 per cent of Malaysia's total population now live in urban areas and cities.

Australia is an interesting example of early urbanisation, which started at the end of the 19th century. At that time, over 60 per cent of the population lived in urban areas. Since then, it has maintained a gradual growth. This was also due to the country's immigration policy, which encouraged people to settle in its coastal, urban areas. Australia is now one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with almost 90 per cent of the population living in urban areas. The two largest cities of Australia, Sydney and Melbourne, are home to over 40 per cent of the country's population.

(Adapted from Global Success)

Question 26. What does the passage mainly discuss?

1. Challenges facing urbanised Malaysia and Australia
2. The brief history of Malaysia and Australia
3. Urbanisation in Malaysia and Australia
4. Housing problems in Malaysia and Australia

Question 27. The word rose in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to _        .

A. increased        B. developed        C. evolved        D. declined

Question 28. According to paragraph 1, Malaysia        .

1. is the most urbanised country in East Asia
2. has only 26% of its population living in urban areas
3. has witnessed a decrease in the urbanisation rate
4. is one of the most rapidly urbanised countries in the world

Question 29. The word its in paragraph 2 refers to        .

A. immigration policy        B. a gradual growth

C. early urbanisation        D. Australia

Question 30. Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 2?

1. Australia’s immigration policy contributed to the growth of its urban population.
2. Urbanisation in Australia started at the end of the 19th century.
3. There are nearly 60 per cent of people living in urban areas in Australia.
4. Sydney and Melbourne are the two most crowded cities in Australia.

        

 

UNIT 1

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC SGK ANH VĂN 12 BUỔI 1

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC SGK ANH VĂN 12 BUỔI 2

UNIT 2: A MULTICULTURAL WORLD
MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC SGK ANH VĂN 12 CHỦ ĐỀ: CULTURAL DIVERSITY (BUỔI 1)

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC SGK ANH VĂN 12 CHỦ

ĐỀ: CULTURAL DIVERSITY (BUỔI 2)

UNIT 3: GREEN LIVING

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC SGK ANH VĂN 12 CHỦ ĐỀ: GOING GREEN (BUỔI 1)

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC SGK ANH VĂN 12 CHỦ ĐỀ: GOING GREEN (BUỔI 2)

UNIT 4: URBANISATION

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC SGK ANH VĂN 12 CHỦ ĐỀ: URBANISATION (BUỔI 1)

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC SGK ANH VĂN 12 CHỦ ĐỀ: URBANISATION (BUỔI 2)

UNIT 5: THE WORLD OF WORK

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC SGK ANH VĂN 12 CHỦ ĐỀ: THE WORLD OF WORK (BUỔI 1)

CHỦ ĐỀ: THE WORLD OF WORK (BUỔI 2)

UNIT 6: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC UNIT 6: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (BUỔI 1)

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC UNIT 6 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (BUỔI 2)

UNIT 7: THE WORLD OF MASS MEDIA

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC UNIT 7 (BUỔI 1)

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC UNIT 7 (BUỔI 2)

UNIT 8: WILDLIFE CONSERVATION

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC - WILDLIFE CONSERVATION (BUỔI 1)

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC - WILDLIFE CONSERVATION (BUỔI 2)

UNIT 9: CAREER PATHS

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC – UNIT 9 (BUỔI 1)

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC (BUỔI 2) – UNIT 9

BÀI TEST 30 CÂU – UNIT 9

UNIT 10: LIFELONG LEARNING

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC UNIT 10 (BUỔI 1)

MỞ RỘNG KIẾN THỨC UNIT 10 - BUỔI 2

BÀI TEST 30 CÂU – UNIT 10

 

UNIT 4: URBANISATION

TỪ VỰNG

STT	Từ vựng	Từ loại	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
1.	high-rise	adj	/ˈhaɪ raɪz/	cao tầng
2.	urban	adj	/ˈɜːbən/	thuộc về đô thị
3.	urban sprawl	n.p	/ˈɜːbən sprɔːl/	sự bành trướng đô thị
4.	urbanisation	n	/ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/	đô thị hoá
5.	leisure	n	/ˈleʒə(r)/	sự giải trí, sự thư giãn
6.	convenience store	n	/kənˈviːniəns stɔː(r)/	cửa hàng tiện lợi
7.	convenient	adj	/kənˈviːniənt/	thuận tiện
8.	crowded	adj	/ˈkraʊdɪd/	đông đúc
9.	rush hour	n.p	/ˈrʌʃ aʊə(r)/	giờ cao điểm
10.	afford	v	/əˈfɔːd/	có đủ khả năng chi trả
11.	housing	n	/ˈhaʊzɪŋ/	nhà ở
12.	expand	v	/ɪkˈspænd/	mở rộng
13.	seek	v	/siːk/	tìm kiếm
14.	unemployment	n	/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/	tình trạng thất nghiệp
15.	affordable	adj	/əˈfɔːdəbl/	(giá cả) rẻ, phải chăng
16.	infrastructure	n	/ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/	cơ sở hạ tầng
17.	resident	n	/ˈrezɪdənt/	người dân
18.	colonial	adj	/kəˈləʊniəl/	thuộc địa, thuộc dân
19.	gradually	adv	/ˈɡrædʒuəli/	dần dần
20.	modernise	v	/ˈmɒdənaɪz/	hiện đại hoá
21.	concern	n	/kənˈsɜːn/	mối lo ngại
22.	rapidly	adv	/ˈræpɪdli/	rất nhanh, với tốc độ cao
23.	reliable	adj	/rɪˈlaɪəbl/	đáng tin cậy

        NGỮ PHÁP

1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

• Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn kéo dài tới hiện tại, hoặc hành động vừa mới xảy ra gần đây.

Ex: Our family has lived here since I was born.

• Ta cũng dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để diễn tả số lần xảy ra của một sự việc với cấu trúc

Ex: This is the first time I have travelled by plane.

• Ta cũng dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để diễn tả trải nghiệm đặc biệt với cấu trúc:

Ex: Moving to the capital city is the worst choice I have ever made in my life.

2. Cấu trúc so sánh

1. So sánh càng ngày càng

Tính từ/trạng từ ngắn	Tính từ/trạng từ dài
Housing prices are getting higher and higher.	Hanoi is becoming more and more polluted.

2. So sánh càng … càng

Ex: The bigger the city gets, the more crowded it becomes.

PRACTICE

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 1. A. concern	B. affordable	C. convenience	D. colonial
Question 2. A. high-rise	B. modernise	C. housing	D. sprawl

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 3. A. afford	B. housing	C. leisure	D. urban
Question 4. A. convenient	B. employment	C. expansion	D. resident

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 5. The city’s        needs upgrading to meet the demands from its citizens.

A. leisure        B. convenience        C. infrastructure        D. unemployment

Question 6. Youth crime in the inner city has increased        in recent months, requiring tightened security.

A. reliably        B. affordably        C. conveniently        D. rapidly

Question 7. Air pollution and traffic congestion are two major        among city dwellers.

A. concerns        B. residents        C. unemployment        D. Infrastructure

Question 8. The urban        can threaten the unique charm of the countryside.

A. unemployment        B. housing        C. leisure        D. sprawl

Question 9. Traffic in the        is a nightmare for commuters.

A. resident        B. rush hour        C. urbanisation        D. concern

Question 10. Many fresh graduates are struggling to        a nine-to-five job.

A. expand        B. seek        C. afford        D. modernise

Question 11. The municipal authority is implementing new policies to address affordable            shortages.

A. housing        B. resident        C. concern        D. infrastructure

Question 12. This is the first time Henry        Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum.

A. visited        B. visits        C. has visited        D. had visited

Question 13. The well is getting        polluted, forcing villagers to seek alternative clean water sources.

A. much and more        B. much and much        C. most and most        D. more and more

Question 14. The higher property prices are,        city dwellers can afford.

A. the fewest        B. fewer than        C. the fewer        D. the fewer than

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 15. Many old apartments in this part of the city need modernising; they are in danger of collapsing anytime soon.

A. upgrading        B. destroying        C. renovating        D. developing

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 16. City dwellers prefer to travel by elevated railway because it is reliable and affordable.

A. dependable        B. inconvenient        C. realistic        D. temporary

Read the following flyer and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 17 to 19.

Question 17. A. purposes        B. intentions        C. landscapes        D. challenges Question 18. A. technologist B. technologically        C. technology        D. technological Question 19. A. for        B. with        C. to        D. Of

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make a meaningful letter for the following question.

Question 20.

1. However, the fast pace can be overwhelming at times.
2. Firstly, the diversity here is astounding; you encounter people from all walks of life daily.
3. Warm regards.
4. Dear Laura, I hope you are well.
5. Looking forward to catching up soon!
6. Overall, the experience has been enriching, pushing me out of my comfort zone while teaching me valuable lessons about adaptability.
7. Secondly, the opportunities for growth and exploration are endless.
8. Living in a big city has been exciting.

A. d – b – a – g – f – h – e – c        B. d – h – a – b – g – f – e – c

C. d – h – b – g – a – f – e – c        D. d – h – b – g – f – a – e – c

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 25.

Hanoi is a modern city with a population of over 8 million people. Over the years, the urban area has gradually (21)        to over 3,000 sq km including many of the surrounding villages. As rural (22) move into Ha Noi, the government is providing more affordable housing. More high-rise buildings

have also been built. Ha Noi has improved its transport infrastructure, building new roads and bridges. It is modernising bus services using more electric ones. The Ha Noi Metro opened to the public in 2021 and

is (23)        to include more lines by 2030.

 

(24)        , urbanisation has created new problems. As more people come to seek better job opportunities, the city is getting more and more crowded. This has (25)        to more traffic jams and higher unemployment rates. Air pollution is also causing concern among city residents.

(Adapted from Global Success)

Question 21.	A. afforded	B. expanded	C. modernised	D. concerned
Question 22.	A. housing	B. concerns	C. residents	D. convenience
Question 23.	A. expected	B. affected	C. imagined	D. structured
Question 24.	A. Therefore	B. In addition	C. However	D. For example
Question 25.	A. related	B. resulted	C. led	D. complied

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 26 to 30.

Urbanisation in Malaysia started in the early 1970s. At that time, only around 26 per cent of the population lived in urban areas. After a period of rapid growth, the urban and rural populations were almost equal in the early 1990s. Since then, the urbanisation rate has continued to increase gradually. The urban population, for example, rose from 66 per cent in 2004 to 74 per cent in 2014. At present, Malaysia is known as one of the most urbanised countries in East Asia. It is also one of the most rapidly urbanised regions around the world. According to the latest statistics, over 77 per cent of Malaysia's total population now live in urban areas and cities.

Australia is an interesting example of early urbanisation, which started at the end of the 19th century. At that time, over 60 per cent of the population lived in urban areas. Since then, it has maintained a gradual growth. This was also due to the country's immigration policy, which encouraged people to settle in its coastal, urban areas. Australia is now one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with almost 90 per cent of the population living in urban areas. The two largest cities of Australia, Sydney and Melbourne, are home to over 40 per cent of the country's population.

(Adapted from Global Success)

Question 26. What does the passage mainly discuss?

1. Challenges facing urbanised Malaysia and Australia
2. The brief history of Malaysia and Australia
3. Urbanisation in Malaysia and Australia
4. Housing problems in Malaysia and Australia

Question 27. The word rose in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to _        .

A. increased        B. developed        C. evolved        D. declined

Question 28. According to paragraph 1, Malaysia        .

1. is the most urbanised country in East Asia
2. has only 26% of its population living in urban areas
3. has witnessed a decrease in the urbanisation rate
4. is one of the most rapidly urbanised countries in the world

Question 29. The word its in paragraph 2 refers to        .

A. immigration policy        B. a gradual growth

C. early urbanisation        D. Australia

Question 30. Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 2?

1. Australia’s immigration policy contributed to the growth of its urban population.
2. Urbanisation in Australia started at the end of the 19th century.
3. There are nearly 60 per cent of people living in urban areas in Australia.
4. Sydney and Melbourne are the two most crowded cities in Australia.